The books are not consistent with which part of this cell is considered a dendrite so you won’t be given that info. How do we label the axons? We know they are axons if they have terminating knobs? The axon is easy to define. This has nothing to do with bipolar disorder (manic depression). Since it has two neuronal processes, it’s labeled a bipolar shaped neuron. How many neuronal processes off the cell body exist off this nerve? Two. The branches off the cell body are neuronal processes. Bipolar: The cell body is where the nucleus is. “Nerve cells shows more variation in shape than any other cell in the body.”ġ. Three General Types of Neurons Cone bipolar and rod bipolar cells in the fovea of the eye When the axon conducts action potentials away from the cell body and the signal goes to the synaptic knob, it's going to release a neurotransmitter. Between the myelinating cells are these gaps called Nodes of Ranvier. If the myelinating cell is wrapped around a nerve cell in the PNS, it’s a Schwann cell. If the myelinating cell is covering an interneuron in the CNS, it’s called an oligodendrocyte. This axon also has myelinating cells wrapping around it. It is not a flow of electrons (electricity) that is being conducted through like a piece of metal. These neurotransmitters are how information is passed through the nervous system. When the axon conducts action potentials away from the cell body and the signal goes to the synaptic knob, it’s going to release a neurotransmitter in response to the electrical signal. The axon is not an axon because it’s long, it’s an axon because of the existence of synaptic knobs at the axon terminals. The axons are what conduct action potentials away from the cell body. The dendrites don’t have terminating knobs at the end of it. Axons are easier to define and we could say they always terminate into synaptic knobs. Dendrite is the most difficult to define but we could call them detecting stimuli (changes) and we’ll leave it at that. Coming off the body are these extensions called neuronal processes/extensions: dendrites and axons.
The cell body is the area where the nucleus is. Nerve cells shows more variation in shape than any other cell in the body. Relevant anatomy article: Fundamentals of the Nervous System and Nervous Tissue
What about body builders? They don’t create more muscle cells, their muscle cells hypertrophy (the opposite of atrophy, the muscle cells increase in volume). However, nerve and muscle cells are permanent irreplaceable losses and much more serious.
Motor neurons of the somatic nervous system skin#
Nobody worries when you cut your skin because it will grow back just fine. The more specialized a cell is, the less often it divides. All nerve cells are thinner than a nylon thread and sometimes they are four feet long. Nerve and muscle cells are highly specialized cells in the body.
Both of them have the general characteristic of excitability and conductibility (ability to conduct that electrical impulse along that length). Nerve cells and muscle cells are long and skinny and that’s why they are called nerve fibers and muscle fibers. There are two cells in the body that are not round.
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